English: Glaucous Gull       
Russian: Бургомистр
Mongolian: Мөсний цахлай
German: Eismowe
French: Goeland bourgmestre
Japanese:  シロカモメ (Shiro-kamome)

Body length: 63-68 cm
Wing span: 138-158 cm.

Nests singly or in loose colonies on cliffs, islands, or other open ground  near sea. South of breeding range, uncommon or rare (mostly Oct-Apr), mainly near coast among flocks of other large gulls. Food in summer mainly fish, eggs and young of other birds; in winter, mainly waste from fishing ports, rubbish tips, etc.

Identification: Four age-groups. Glaucous and Iceland Gulls are the only large gulls with whitish primaries. Adults have paler grey upperparts than Herring Gulls; 1st and 2nd years in fresh plumage are rather uniformly pale ochrous-brwon or cafй-au-lait-coloured, with fainter and finer barring on upperparts and wing-coverts than other large gulls; unmarked pale or white flight-feathers diagnostic at all ages, obvious in flight, especially from below, when they appear strikingly (but beware of moulting Herring Gull in Aug-Nov). Because they are similar in plumage at all ages, telling Glaucous from Iceland rests entirely on difference in size, structure, bill pattern (on 1st years), and bill colour (on some adults and 3rd years). Given good views, identification of most is easy: Glaucous is obviously or slightly larger and longer-legged than Herring Gull and more heavily built, with large bill, small eye, and sloping forehead and often angled hindcrown giving a mean, aggressive look; as a rule, the bill is as long as or longer than the length of the (short) projection of primaries beyond the tail-tip.

Glaucous Gull is also correspondingly broader-winged, longer-necked and larger-headed, and more lumbering in flight than Iceland, but the structural and size differences are often more difficult to appreciate in flight than on the ground. Identification of 1st year is made easier because of diagnostic difference in bill pattern: Glaucous invariably has bill two-thirds pale (pinkish) with sharply demarcated black tip (Iceland has more extensive black tip, shading into often only slightly paler base).

Adult’s orbital ring is yellow (reddish on Iceland). Occasional small or small-looking Glaucous or large-looking Iceland can be more difficult; in such cases, bill pattern (on 1 years) and bill-length /primary-projection difference are the most useful features. Caution is necessary over all-white albinistic individuals of other species, paler-than-normal (so-called leacistic) immature Herring Gulls, and Glaucous x Herring Gull hybrids. All-white albinistic gulls are rare, however, and in any case no Glaucous or Iceland is ever entirely pure white (although some much-faded 1st and 2nd years may appear so at long range). Leucism and hybridity show on immature gulls through the outer primaries, secondary bar or tail-band being at least slightly darker than the general colour of the rest of the plumage, and adult hybrids will show dark markings on the wing-tip; pure Glaucous and nominate Iceland never show such features.