English: Red Crossbill, Common Crossbill
Russian: Обыкновенный клёст      
Mongolian: Гацуурын солбинхушуут
German: Fichtenkreuzschnabel    
French: Bec-croise des sapins               
Japanese: イスカ (Isuka)

Body length:15-17 cm.

Breeds in conifers, including smallish clumps, prefers spruce. Commonest and most widely distributed crossbill, but numbers  fluctuate regionally. Nests high up.

Identification: Very similar to Parrot Crossbill (which see), but is a trifle smaller, with proportionally somewhat smaller head, slimmer neck and smaller bill. Note that bill is longer than it is deep, with culmen only moderately curved. Lower mandible less deep than upper and lower edge lacks obvious S-shape with bulging centre.

• Post-juvenile ♂: Head, underparts and rump brick-red, on some with variable amount of yellow-orange and greyish-green (not strictly age-related).
  
• Post-juvenile ♀: Grey-green or dull yellowish-green, unstreaked below, rump often pale yellow. Back and head-sides brownish, wings and tail dark brown-grey.
  
• Juvenile: Grey, with boldly streaked underparts. Some streaked feathers can remain through 1st winter. (For rare variant with narrow pale wing-bars, see under Two-barred Crossbill.)