English: Barbary Falcon, Red-capped Falcon, Red-napped Falcon, Shaheen
Russian: Рыжеголовый сокол 
German: Wustenfalke
French: Faucon de Barbarie
Mongolian:  Шилийн шонхор    

Body Length: 36-39 cm
Wing span: 76-86 cm

Habitat: Closely related to Peregrine Falcon (by some regarded as conspecific). Breeds in semi-desert with cliffs and smaller mountains, further E also in foothills and mountains. Food as that of Peregrine Falcon. Nests on cliff-ledge.

Identification: Very much a smaller version of Peregrine, and at times difficult to identify reliably. In size, ♂ only marginally larger than Hobby (but bulkier and ‘chest heavy’, like Peregrine). In flight silhouette, ‘arm’ is fractionally narrower than on Peregrine. Owing to size, wingbeats on average slightly quicker in comparable situations. Identification based primarily on plumage.

• Adult: Compared with Peregrine, upperparts are paler blue-grey; flight-feathers from below paler with darker wing-tips and rear edge of outer wing, underbody and underwing-coverts tinged rufous (fresh) or creamy (bleached), but not that Peregrine of spp. brookei has faint rufous tinge, too. Other criteria for Barbary are: barring of underparts less extensive (least barring on ♂); tendency to show dark terminal band on undertail; hint of dark ‘comma’ below on tips of primary-coverts; moustachial stripe narrower, nape rusty-red (requires close range, and note that Peregrine ssp. brookei has rufous tinge on nape, too).
• Juvenile: Resembles juvenile Peregrine, but head is not so dark, forehead, nape and supercilium being rufous-buff; moustachial stripe narrower, tendency to show dark end-band on undertail; and streaking on underbody narrow and concentrated into central area, throat/upper breast and ‘trousers’/lower belly almost unmarked buff-white.